DNIEPR
"DNIEPR" is the first national digital managing
universal computer on semiconducting units. It is created in the Institute of cybernetics
of the Ukrainan Academy of Sience in 1961. "DNIEPR" consists (look at the
figure) of a central computing part and an intercoupler with the object.
The computing part represents the independent universal
digital computer of average productivity (the execution time of the operation of addition
29,5 - 57,5 microseconds).
The capacity of the operating storage device of the machine
is variable (RAM is made up of blocks by 512 words), all in all eight blocks can be used.
The algorithmic completenes of operations, used in the machine, allows to program the
control algorithm for many modern technological processes. The command system "DNIEPR"
- two-address, form of representation of numbers - with a comma fixed before high bit, the
length of a word (including a sign bit) - 26 bits, the system of elements - impulse -
potential.
The intercoupler with the object provides an automatic
input in the machine of the indications of 250 program - interrogated gauges of a
continuous signal, up to 192 frequent gauges, up to 1344 signals of a relay type 0-12 W.
"DNIEPR" has 60 channels for output of analogue sicuals and 480 channels for
output of relay signals of control, it contains the console of an operator supplied with
the register of visual indication and the keyboard of the input of the information of
process control. It is possible to add to the machine additional devices allowing to use
it in data processing systems and as the computer of average productivity: the disk drive
on a magnetic tape (is supposed to recording 1 500 000 words, the speed of record - 5650
words per second); high-speed digit priuting device (the speed of printing 1200 - 50
six-digit numbers a minute); the tape punch (the speed of data output on 5-track a
telegraphic punched tape of 1200 - 50 lines per minute).
"DNIEPR" is used as a central link of the system
of automation of continuous processes. The machine automatically interrogates gauges of
the process, calculates optimal control mode and produces the appropriate tasks to local
regulators (their executive mechanisms). The tasks are either printed (in the system
closed through a numan-operator), or realized automatically (through blocks of output of
signals of control). "DNIEPR" can calculate technical and economic metrics of
the process and print them through the given periods of times (hour, shift, day). "DNIEPR"
is als applied also in systems of data processing of physical experiment, as the machine
has the devices making easir connection with measuring instruments and the circuits of
control of experiment. The structure of the system of data processing on the basis of
"DNIEPR" depends on the character of the experiment. At local it is reasable
to connect the machine directly to gauges of the object extended. Because of
specificity of gauges the machine is connected to them through the block of amplifiers.
The device of graphics reproduction of results of experiment and high-speed alphanumeric
printing station are given to the mashine. In experiments carried out over distanced
in space objects, the system is necessary to be divid into two parts: reading and
processing of information. As the buffer intercoupler between them the disk drive
on a punched tape is used. The data from separate objects of a research is written on a
punched tape, then the information is entered in a computing part of "DNIEPR"
for appropriate processing.
In the pracess of improvement in "DNIEPR"
the system of interruption for 28 reasons is included, the number of blocks of input from
a paper punched tape and output of the information (high-speed digital printing station)
is added. It is possible to use "DNIEPR" in digital-to-analog complexes for
studying and simulation of industrial production.
Literature: Malinovsky B.N. Digital managing machines and
computer-aided manufacturing. Ì.. 1963 [bibliogr. p. 285 - 286]; Grubov V.I., Kirdan V.S.
Electronic computers and analog computers. The reference book Ê., 1969 [bibliogr. p. 179
- 181].