DNIEPR-2  

"DNIEPR-2" - the managing computing system oriented to the application as a central link in is informational - managing systems on industrial enterprises. Consists of two main bodies (look of the figure) - computer complex  (CC) "DNIEPR- 21" and managing complex  (MC) "DNIEPR- 22".

The computer complex is intended for information processing entering from peripherals, and also from MC. CC can be applied as the independent computer for processing economic. Data and solution egnireering-technical tasks. The operating storage device (STORAGE) of the CC on ferrite rings has up to 32 kilobytes of 42-digit cells. The connection of the long-term STORAGE up to 32 kilobytes of cells is provided. The notation is binary. The Average speed of the machine is 20 thousands  operations per second. The structure of CC includes one multiplex and two selector channels autonomously working with the memory of the machine. The connection of punch tape and punch card devices of input-output, high-speed alphabetic - digit printing stations, teletypes and typewriters (all in all up to 96 peripherals) are praided. The external STORAGE of the machine is the disk drives on a magnetic tape (up to 16 tape drive devices). Words include a variable number of 9-digit characters: Numbers - up to 8, alphanumeric information - up to 127 characters. In the memory each character is addressed.

The commands consistof one or several machine words depending on a type of the command and the amount of addresses contained in it. In the machine there are 0-address, 1-address, 2-address and, in some cases, multiple-address commands. The addresses can be one, two and three-character. In commands there is accepted both direct and indirect addressing, and direct defining of operands. The multiplex channel, providing standalone information interchange of peripherals with the memory of the machine, carries out editing the information at input and output, which is similar to editing according to the standard accepted in the language COBOL. The system of interruption is based on a circnit-program principle and provides processing signals of interruption acting from the MC, peripherals and disk drives, and also internal signals of interruption informing on failures in the CPU (Central Processing UNIT) and on the special situations,  originating at regular program execution, (overflow, memory protection and so on). The fixible structure of the system of interruption allows to organize any logic of multiprogram information processing.

The managing complex (MC) is intended for reception of the information from the controlled object,, output of control actions on the object, and also primary information processing. Besides the MC carries out exchange between an operator which is watching(keeping up) the technological process, and the CC. The main functions of the MC; the automatic collection of the information from gauges of the controlled object (is standalone and by commands of the MC): smoothing of current values of signals analogue ganges; automatic tracking finding of signals of analogue gauges in the given limits; automatic tracking a state of gauges of an on-off type (detection of a moment and sign of their switching); automatic tracking appearance of signals from gauges of a number - impulse type and accumulation of number of impulses on each of them; output of the items of information about an abnormal state of the controlled object of handle, equipment of the complex, gauges and communication circuits. The input signals, total more than 1600, can enter from gauges of a current, frequency, potential, number - impulse and on-off gauges. The output signals, total by more than 1000, can be produced on the relay and various regulators.

Wide logical possibilities and flexible structure of "DNIEPR- 2" is supplemented by the advanced system of  software. External languages, specialized programs - dispatchers and sets of the standard subroutines. Allow to organize effective calculating process on "DNIEPR- 2" in systems of various purpose. The numerical code (NC) is intended for programming any tasks, including the tasks of control of technological processes, standard subroutines and system programs. The compiler NC translates programs in the machine codes, the retranslator enables to print in the NC any machine program. The autocode AC-1 is intended for programs included in the library and for other programs, requiring a wide use, of the possibilities of the system of machine commands.

THE AUTOCODE includes both means for programming - the external language and the compiler, and means of debugging in the external language - language of debugging and program - auto debugger (AD). The autocode in real time (ACRT) is intended for programs of control of technological processes and technical objects. The language  of ACRT  includes all the means of AC-1, contains in addition macros of exchange of "DNIEPR- 21" with "DNIEPR- 22", with the system of interruption and yhe clock. The programs which have been written down in ACRT, visually reflect the operation of the machine in real time, its connection it with external objects.

The compiler from ALGOL - 60 allows to make debugging programs directly in the external language in the dialog mode of the programmer with the machine. The compiler from COBOL  is a necessary part of the  software of control systems of productions, computer centers of the trade and economic profile.

The program - dispatcher DD-1 organizes the computing process in the control systems of technological processes on the basis of modifications of the machine with a small capacity of the operating STORAGE and a small number of peripherals.

The program - dispatcher DD-2 organizes the process of debugging of programs (written in the numerical code) simultaneously from three teletypes.

The program - dispatcher DD-З organizes the computing process in  informational - managing systems, control systems of technological processes, computer centers, systems of processing of experimental data. DD-З works on   extended modifications of the machine, providing convenient operation of  both an operator and a programmer at debugging and problem solving in a multiprogram mode; the program - dispatcher DD-З includes limits of data control.

Literature: The managing system "DNIEPR- 2". К., 1968; Nikitin A.I. Application UCS  "DNIEPR- 2" as a basis machine in systems of complex automation in enterprises. In book: VII-th All-Union session of the   seminar " Managing machines and systems ". К., 1970; The managing computing system "DNIEPR- 2". К., 1972. A.I. Kuharchuk, A.A.Nikitin, A.A.Stogny.